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In literacy education, which of the following is NOT a focus of phonemic awareness?

  1. Recognizing letter sounds

  2. Segmenting words into their individual sounds

  3. Understanding word meanings

  4. Blending sounds to form words

The correct answer is: Understanding word meanings

Phonemic awareness is a critical pre-reading skill that involves the recognition and manipulation of sounds in spoken words. It specifically focuses on the auditory aspects of language, primarily concerning how sounds can be broken down and combined. The process of recognizing letter sounds, segmenting words into their individual sounds, and blending sounds to form words are all essential components of phonemic awareness. These activities help learners develop the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes—the smallest units of sound that can change meaning in a language. Understanding word meanings, on the other hand, encompasses vocabulary development and comprehension rather than the auditory manipulation of sounds. While it is certainly an important part of literacy education, it does not fall under the specific scope of phonemic awareness, which is solely concentrated on sound-related skills. Therefore, this highlights the distinction between phonemic awareness and vocabulary or comprehension skills.