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What does deciphering primarily involve?

  1. Reading without any prior knowledge of phonetics

  2. Understanding the meaning of complex texts

  3. Using graphophonemic relationships to sound out words

  4. Identifying literary themes and motifs

The correct answer is: Using graphophonemic relationships to sound out words

Deciphering primarily involves using graphophonemic relationships to sound out words. This process is essential for readers, particularly those developing their literacy skills, as it connects the sounds of spoken language with the letters and spelling structures of written language. By understanding how letters correspond to sounds, readers can decode and pronounce words, which is a fundamental skill for reading fluency. In contrast, reading without prior knowledge of phonetics does not contribute to deciphering because phonetic awareness is crucial for sounding out words. Understanding the meaning of complex texts and identifying literary themes and motifs pertain more to comprehension and analysis of text rather than the fundamental skill of deciphering words.